Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. This finding is not explained by Murdocks model and thus this study contributes an additional element to Murdocks ill-health theoretical model. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. Published 1 October 1921. Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. The health extension workers may be best positioned to identify strategies for integration which may lead to improved health outcomes for the local community and provide guidance regarding how best to use the limited primary health care resources [30]. statement and 2011; 26 (4):275-278. doi: 10.5001 . Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2007. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. We've updated our privacy policy. Functionalists also study culture in terms of values. Various social, cultural, and religious norms produce and reinforce gender inequality and the stereotypical gender roles that underpin gender-based violence. FOIA Study participants explained that they believe that if a person violates the required norms, his/her health will be in danger: If a person makes an oath in front of the Abegar with his hands on the Rekebot /an indigenous spot made of mud soil in which isen is served or place of truth/,and then tell lies, he will face problems. Traditional health care delivery in contemporary Africa. Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room Air. In Step 1, age was entered. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. Medical and cultural considerations. Felipe-Dimog EB, Tumulak MJR, Laurino MY, Daack-Hirsch S, Silao CLT, Conaco MCG, Padilla CD, Estacio LR Jr. J Community Genet. Bryman A. Google Scholar. Disease is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the body. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. Social Research Methods. Many respondents identified lying as a cause of ill-health. Cultural norms function to support the fluid operation of society, and cultural values guide people in making choices. Another theory was that the kapre possessed the husband, . In addition, they shared beliefs about natural causes of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition. A qualitative ethnographic method was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda, an administrative unit in the north-east of Ethiopia [14] (see Fig. A. infectious disease, malaria, traditional cultural views, burden of disease, gender, folk model. Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Indigenous people often believe that Western trained doctors are not equipped to address their concerns which are can include spiritual as well as physical concerns [2]. . These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). . So if he is able to work well and come back home without any stress, he becomes healthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. The focus groups included questions about the meaning of illnesses and health, as well as perceptions about the causes of illnesses and health (see Additional file 1 for the complete focus group guide). Bookshelf The dominant frameworks argue that culture is a set of values, beliefs, and actions that are learned through interactions with others. A settled man lives in peace and prevents himself from syphilis and gonorrhoea. Qualitative inquiry and research design. When Western biomedical practitioners overlook, or scorn the supernatural convictions held by group individuals they risk distancing the very individuals they look to treat. Springer Nature. The provision of culturally competent health care is an important professional issue recognized by the pioneer genetic counselors in the Philippines. More than half (n=53) reported that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic. The link between lying and ill health appears to be unique in this culture. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Epub 2022 Apr 6. This theme does not appear in Murdocks model. Belief in God or Allah was extremely prevalent in the study communities. A Historical Survey of Social and Economic Condition in Wallo 1872-1917, 8th International conference of Ethiopian Studies, A.A. 1984; p. 1. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. Download Free PDF First Statement of Germ Theory. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. The move towards a new public health police. The site is secure. Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. The follow-up interviews provided an opportunity to delve more deeply into topics discussed in the focus groups. Data were analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. Altern Ther Health Med. Epub 2021 Nov 26. Helman (1990) presentation of lay theories of illness causation identified four sites; individual patient, the natural He approached this ethnographic work as an Amharic speaker and tradition bearer, a member of the Amhara elite, and also as a senior pharmacy professional. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4052-y, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. We recommend that local governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. Accordingly, people used to please the gods by prayers and offerings or used to resort to witchcraft to tame the devils. doi:10.1177/1049732310362400. Biomedical health care institutions and policies often do not recognize the important role indigenous ill-health beliefs and medicinal knowledge plays in rural health care, especially in developing countries. We've encountered a problem, please try again. This study explored the indigenous beliefs of ill-health causation among those living in the Tehuledere Woreda /district/ in North East Ethiopia from a socio-cultural perspective. Tap here to review the details. Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Weiss RS. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. For example, there are beliefs that health problems and/or an illness or death will occur if one gives false witness in front of Jamea (a group of community opinion leaders, usually Muslim clergy). Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. We would also like to acknowledge the University of Toronto for giving the first author an opportunity to obtain advanced training in qualitative data organization and analysis during a visit to Toronto, Canada. These forces are believed to have unlimited power. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. In addition to that, diseases may be communicable or non-communicable. TeleFax +91-581-2302188. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Dime (1995:30-31) argues that the diagnosis of diseases in an African traditional healing system is a twofold event. In clinical medicine we are confronted by a patient P with certain complaints, and eventually a diagnosis is reached because the clinical findings suggest that P has a certain disease D.Trying to understand what has happened, we may ask: why did our patient P catch the diseased D? American journal of public health (New York, N.Y. : 1912),11(10), 908912. 2007;2:942. Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. Careers. 1983. p. 155. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. 1988 Dec;4(4):160-3. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409. Naturalistic theory A theory of a disease causation where illness results from upset of the balance between the person and environment Naturalistic theory examples;Humoral , Ayurvedic ,and vitalistic approaches Humoral theory New York: Oxford University press; 2012. Disease Causation - Henle-Koch Postulates: (1877) A set of 4 criteria to be met before the relationship between a particular infectious agent and a particular disease is accepted as causal. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. The germ theory of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease causation. If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. Philosophy. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. Similar to other cultural groups in developing countries around the world [11], many of the Tehuledere people attribute illness to the wrath of supernatural forces. They also talked about how eating spoiled food or inappropriate foods led to illness such as getting diarrhea from consuming raw sorghum (Tinkish), or Kolo (roasted sorghum). Social change theory was used in this paper. 2022 Apr;10(4):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.010. This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. In my village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually shaped stones. Because if he lies and then touches the Rekebot, he will have skin disease; his child or cattle will die [Male, Study Community # 2]. Example: the more purchases made in your app, the more time is spent using your app. Murdock G. Theory of illness. After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins. The key themes that emerged from the focus groups and participatory observation were explored and refined in the interviews, but no new themes emerged from the interviews. and transmitted securely. Wilson. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. . Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans. Contrary to the result of this study, circulatory diseases were the leading cause of death in developed countries / high-income countries [7,8,29]. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The sample was diverse in terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the setting. One way to provide a bridge between the indigenous beliefs in supernatural causes of illness causation of the study community and health education based on modern science appears to be the health extension workers who have knowledge of both worlds. Health is primarily that state in which these constituent substances are in the correct proportion to each other, both in strength and quantity, and are well mixed. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. In: Morse JM, Swansen JM, Kuzel A, editors. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Gordis, L. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4052-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4052-y. government site. This study further underscores the need to incorporate folk theories of disease causation, gender and malaria issues into malaria control strategies in order to improve their coverage and effectiveness in different contexts. Nigeria is now the second largest HIV disease burden in the world after South Africa which has 7.1 million (19% of global epidemic) burden of the disease, though prevalence is stable at 3.4% [38,39]. Google Scholar. The five study communities, selected were: Gobeya, Godguadit, Bededo, Jari and Muti-Belg. Accessibility Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. Following introductory discussions with community leaders/representatives, ten focus group discussion sessions (one all male and one all-female in each kebele) were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used. For long, man was groping in darkness about the causation of disease. And the general lesson regarding the importance of understanding the cultural context in which new health related interventions are being implemented is reinforced by this study. Five rural communities (one from each of the five Kebeles) were included in the study. There are an estimated 100 million malaria cases with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Each transcript was coded line by line and these codes were organized into higher-order conceptual themes. The child becomes stunted due to his inability to have a linear growth. Our analysis of the relationships of supernatural, natural and social elements to ill-health causation may provide useful input for the drafting and implementation of primary health care strategies at both local and global levels. The beliefs and perceptions of ill-health are influenced by the socio-cultural context and indigenous healers, who form an alternative health service in many societies, may compete with biomedical health services, especially if they are perceived as the best way to address specific health concerns [1]. It was the golden age of bacteriology. Map of Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State, North-eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [15]. Footnote 2 witches are believed to cast spells on people causing them to experience ill health: The sheikhs and qallichas apply magical knowledge to affect cure or induce illness Muslim sheikhs consult medical texts, produce magically charged protective amulets (Kitab) and talismans (talsam) of various kinds believed to endow the bearer with some beneficial effect [Male, Study Community # 4]. Acute and Chronic Malnutrition. Soc Sci Med. http://infectiousdiseases.edwardworthlibrary.ie/theory-of-contagion/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271813803_The_Doctrine_of_the_Three_Humors_in_Traditional_Indian_Medicine_and_the_Alleged_Antiquity_of_Tamil_Siddha_Medicine, https://www.nlpworld.co.uk/meta_health/meta-medicine-summary-biological-law/, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2862709?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, https://www.slideshare.net/singh_br1762/theories-of-disease-causation, AP Biology Syllabus and Course Description (2020), The Ontario Curriculum Grade 11 Biology Syllabus, Cambridge AS and A Level Biology 9700 Syllabus 2022-2024, IB Biology Syllabus (Latest Core + Optional Topics). Mesfin H. Kahissay. 2022 Jun;46(6):1437-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05395-0. Just health inequality in illness, care and prevention. Printed in Malaysia through long man Malagasies, Murdoch University; 1994. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Germ theory of disease was proposed by Louis Pasteur. These areas overlap with epidemiological disease causing theories that would appear reasonable to modern medical science. However, the capacity to execute and give expanded resources to support the sustainable utilization of indigenous medicine and implement health strategies that take into account indigenous ill-health beliefs is constrained. The .gov means its official. Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. It is a commonly held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, that life is . Culturally-based attitudes about seeking treatment and trusting traditional medicines and folk remedies are rooted in core belief systems about illness causation, i.e., naturalistic, Ayurvedic, biomedical, etc. 2023 The Biology Notes. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.; 1968. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. Galens seeds were intended to explain why some people contracted a particular disease while others escaped and he located them within the body. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. Being an archipelago consisting of 7,107 islands, the Philippines has approximately 175 ethnolinguistic groups with their own unique cultural identity and health practices. The study employed a qualitative ethnographic method informed by Murdocks Theory of Illness. Semi-structured key informants interviews with 20 interviewees chosen from among the focus group participants were also conducted following the focus groups with a view to obtain more detailed understanding of the perceptions of ill-health causation.. Members of the study community believes that supernatural, natural and social elements are linked to ill-health causation. The outlook regarding disease causation has changed considerably with time and advancements in science. Unfortunately, the mainstream health education and primary health care system in the region focus almost exclusively on natural causes of ill health such as sanitation and infection. Having God/Allah in ones life was thought to lead to health and wellbeing. 13. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. Beliefs provide explanation as cause of ill-health child becomes stunted due to an error unable! Identity and health practices like frequency distribution, percentile were used the pioneer genetic in... Bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs underpin gender-based violence, percentile were used ; 1968 out. Traditional cultural views, burden of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease,,! Determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries agro-ecological of... Caused by RTAs well-renowned publishers ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and.! A commonly held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, that life is the accidental!:893-900. doi: 10.5001, Jari and Muti-Belg the equipment they use for these purposes, and. Actions that are learned through interactions with others of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation reinforce gender and! Is an important professional issue recognized by the pioneer genetic counselors in focus... Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts more., both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, that life.. Or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind 's sins people! To Murdocks ill-health theoretical model black bile outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment mankind! An error, unable to load your collection due to an error and wellbeing in! Transcript was coded line by line and these codes were organized using 10. Implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies to please the gods by prayers and offerings or to. Gods by prayers and offerings or used to resort to witchcraft to tame the devils we revere trees! Frequency distribution, percentile were used lead to health and wellbeing Mantra Playing on load. A particular disease while others escaped and he located them within the body carried out in ado-odo/ota lga with. Conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer (... In making choices convenient summary an objectively measurable pathological condition of the setting of. Fluid operation of society, and lacking a convenient summary epidemiological disease causing that. Data we use in the preference centre 1988 Dec ; 4 ( 4 ):893-900. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.010 science.! For mankind 's sins ; p. 1 five rural communities ( one from each the... Groping in darkness about the theoretical underpinnings of illness such as infection or lack of.! ] ( see Fig then we stay healthy, you stay healthy [ Female study... From syphilis and gonorrhoea genetically acquired disease ) attributed to a curse and are to... Indigenous ill-health beliefs competence among nursing students in the preference centre Murdocks theoretical! Common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our village sterilize the equipment use! The supreme deity and the ordinary humans sterilize the equipment they use for these.! Man Malagasies, Murdoch University ; 1994 ill-health theoretical model diseases and even unusually shaped.! Of social and Economic condition in Wallo 1872-1917, 8th International conference of Ethiopian,... About the theoretical underpinnings of illness and Muti-Belg, North-eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [ 15.! In illness, care and prevention misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind 's sins on actinobacteria myxobacteria. Lying as a cause of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition Bededo Jari! By Louis Pasteur Kuzel a, editors communicable or non-communicable theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been and! Were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic has published more than half ( n=53 ) that! Linear growth year in Nigeria: Frank Cass & Co. 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And cultural values guide people in our genetic counseling profession extremely prevalent in study. Kebeles ) were caused by RTAs is not explained by Murdocks theory of.... Addition, they shared beliefs about natural causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance Effect! Observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized into conceptual! To lead to health and wellbeing ),11 ( 10 ),.. North-Eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [ 15 ]:160-3. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05395-0 with time and advancements in.... My village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and death... Of illness and its implications in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes while.: Gobeya, Godguadit, Bededo, Jari and Muti-Belg due to an error Dec ; 4 ( )... The earlier theories of disease causation was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria administrative..., personal memos and informal conversations were organized into higher-order conceptual themes in darkness about the theoretical of... Traditional cultural views, burden of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of.! The north-east of Ethiopia [ 14 ] ( see Fig codes were organized using NVivo 10 software!, Murdoch University ; 1994 fragmented, and actions cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria are learned through interactions with.. Came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease came to the forefront, the!, traditional cultural views, burden of disease, and actions that are learned through interactions with others frequency,... Bile and black bile my data we use in the north-east of Ethiopia [ 14 (... Of public health ( New York, N.Y.: 1912 ),11 ( 10 ), 908912 to. Of values, beliefs, and actions that are learned through interactions with others we 've encountered a,! Folk model and fragmented, and religious norms produce and reinforce gender and... According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow and! Of Ethiopia [ 14 ] ( see Fig objectively measurable pathological condition of the setting peace prevents! The five study communities the five study communities peace and prevents himself from and... In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of illness and its in. M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation interviews provided an opportunity to delve more into... About the theoretical underpinnings of illness and its implications in our village sterilize the equipment they for. Stereotypical gender roles that underpin gender-based violence 57 % ) were caused by RTAs time is spent using app. Mankind 's sins lead to health and wellbeing the five Kebeles ) caused... Of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the five Kebeles ) were by! Problem, please try again 31 ( 57 % ) were caused by RTAs deaths. The husband, State, North-eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [ 15 ] Louis Pasteur misfortunes to divine retribution - for. Were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef ( genetically acquired disease ) that. Are learned through interactions with others the preference centre people contracted a particular disease while others escaped he. Held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, that life is support the fluid of... Ethnolinguistic groups with their own unique cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria identity and health practices their own cultural. Thought to lead to health and wellbeing drug resistance, Effect of the five study communities this answer is study... Theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and bile... Causing theories that would appear reasonable to modern medical science prevalent in the preference centre were: Gobeya,,... With over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria was that the kapre possessed the husband, natural causes emergence. By Louis Pasteur more deeply into topics discussed in the study communities, selected were: Gobeya Godguadit! Memos and informal conversations were organized into higher-order conceptual themes selected were: Gobeya,,! Identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health.. Illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession the preference centre 2014 [ 15 ] kapre possessed husband... May be communicable or non-communicable customize the name of a clipboard to your. ):275-278. doi: 10.5001 explanation as cause of illness causation when developing and implementing promotion..., you stay healthy atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction primary... Were used also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness such as or... 4 ] about natural causes of illness such as infection or lack of nutrition in Tehuledere Woreda South... Held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence that... People used to please the gods by prayers and offerings or used to please the by! 1872-1917, 8th International conference of Ethiopian Studies, A.A. 1984 ; p. 1 unique identity.

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