The countrys annual profits have decreased, significantly impacting the countrys population. Nigeria is regarded as Africas country with the highest unemployment rate. Inequality: This is due to the governments and its agencies apparent favoring of people or regions belonging to one tribe over another. The Nigerian government recently threatened to declare a state of emergency in Anambra, a state in the south-east of the country, because of rising insecurity. Welcome to the Education in Emergencies Working Group Nigeria (EiEWGN) Website. No. ppt/slides/_rels/slide14.xml.rels We recognize that some internal factors have been enhanced and strengthened by the presence of external forces, but, there is no doubt that, if the internal situations did not present themselves, the external forces would be unable to infiltrate. The isolated cases of arson, killings and destruction of public and private properties do not threaten the survival or national security of Nigeria. ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels on. Finance Insecurity also increases security spending by business organizations. This organization has filed a lawsuit against the government for control of money derived from the sale of crude oil produced in their territory. Nigeria's problems in the education sector have made it hard for the system to churn out market-ready graduates. Elimination of Corruption and Entrenchment of Social Justice Corruption is viewed by everybody as the cog in the Nigerian wheel of progress and development. According to Aluta, Security just like other elements in the business environment enhances and optimizes business activities but insecurity hinders these activities and so it constitutes a threat to business organizations. In fact, it generally reduces lifespan of equipment. Many of these assailants are disgruntled and jobless teenagers. Instead, a coordinated preventive measure is necessary for addition to military strategies and judicial institutions. Lastly, a state of emergency can be abused unless both the legislature and judiciary can assert their independence in practice, and rule of law is made the cardinal principle of governance. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide2.xml.rels I have few reasons why the idea of state police should be aborted. The Yorubas have had a history of political racality, which is well known throughout Nigeria. In addition, insecurity destroys existing infrastructure and also prevents an environment for the development of further infrastructure; and a safe environment for economic activities by individuals to give them economic empowerment that will enable households not only to cater for their present generations but also to provide for future generations. Violence is being perpetrated in northern Nigeria by a group known as Boko Haram, which is fighting for a state-controlled by Sharia Law. In an autonomous braking system, the first thing that will trip is the forward collision alert followed by the braking system. The federal government can use the power at its disposal to encroach on the powers vested in the states by the Nigerian constitution. Education in Nigeria is a major challenge. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta is a good example (MEND). Challenges faced by Nigeria currently Without a reliable road system, business suffers. Lecturer, Political Science, Federal University Lafia. 2. Many others have also linked security to the governance system. The last is when the president receives a request to declare a state of emergency from a state governor. 3. k Q _rels/.rels ( J1mizY`Hfn2$ooDjc&0OScj0\c-;0Y)xb`Gk)WQ8.SBzM]bf4{o! (| ;v!xI*hFgV.&>8'-?6"8W[ PK ! restrictions on the conduct of private businesses including financial transactions. Corruption manifests itself in a variety of ways and infiltrates all political and economic organizations. Following the military's truly outstanding performance after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, there were calls for active-duty troops to take a more robust - and even leading - role in disaster operations, to include law enforcement. With the lingering security challenges and the inability of the security apparatus of the government to guarantee safety and security in the country, the question that borders everyone in Nigeria today is can there be security? Is the security of lives and properties achievable? e. Land disputes, many of which have been dragging on for years, should be resolved as soon as possible to avoid further loss of life and property. This is in addition to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel. What are the problems of development in Nigeria. ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.rels "Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by instrument published in the Official Gazette of the Government of the Federation issue a Proclamation of a state of emergency in the Federation or any part thereof". There is a strong skepticism that if the level of insecurity in our country is not scaled down, our vision to be among the best 20 countries of the world may be aborted. 3 Akwa Ibom State - Uyo. This is a rooted general perception of inequality and unfairness which has resulted in a grievance by a large number of people. Serial Number: Name Of States:Their Capitals: 1 Abia State - Umuahia. Recommended: Effects of Unemployment On Individuals and the society. Gustafsson-Wright E, Van Der Gaag J (2008). The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales for cases. In order to facilitate this collaboration, Memoranda of Understanding have been signed by several United Nations agencies; these agreements aim to clarify roles and responsibilities in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes, and outline commitments to joint activities within agency competencies. Rural/Urban Drift The migration of jobless youths from rural areas to urban centers is also one of the causes of insecurity in Nigeria. Such that there is the temptation to lose sight of the fact that such a declaration can also arise due to natural disasters and calamity as provided for under section 305(3)(e). k; 7 ! Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Another advantage of federalism is the fact that it produces a stronger and stable government in power. Marketing It is not only that a business enterprise must get raw materials for production, but it also must dispose of off their output. The situation in Anambra State can be described as merely local or relatively isolated threats to law and order. One of the general principles is that any decision about an emergency must be done in good faith. Advantages and disadvantages of statelessness. This definition reflects physical insecurity which is the most visible form of insecurity, and it feeds into many other forms of insecurity such as economic security and social security. New values have taken over their place over the years, with the so-called modernity and civilization. ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels It was during the presidency of Olusegun Obasanjo . The EiEWG Nigeria is chaired by the Federal Ministry of Education or by the State Ministry of Education (And SUBEBs) at the state levels and co-chaired by UNICEF and Save the Children International. 49. National security cannot be invoked as a reason for imposing limitations to prevent merely local or relatively isolated threats to law and order. I. 1. Steps of Perform Emergency Maintenance Effectively, Different ways to reduce Emergency Maintenance Load, Advantages and Disadvantages of Corrective Maintenance (CM), Software Maintenance and Various Software Maintenance Tables, Advantages and disadvantages of Test Driven Development (TDD), Advantages and Disadvantages of Critical Path Method (CPM), Advantages and Disadvantages of Automated Testing, Advantages and Disadvantages of using Spiral Model, Advantages and Disadvantages of Incremental process model. Minimizing downtime by addressing critical issues quickly, Improving the functionality, performance, and reliability of the system, Reducing the risk of system failures and customer dissatisfaction, Flexibility in addressing problems based on the severity and urgency. Inflation is defined as a rise in the overall level of prices for goods and services, resulting in a decrease in the buying power of the currency. The use of violence to combat violence is unlikely to succeed in eliminating terrorism since it will result in the deaths of many innocent people. State governments work with insurers to offer programs that can provide insurance for these individuals. 2. The ethnoreligious conflict was defined as a situation in which the relationship between members of one ethnic or religious group and another of such group in a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society is characterized by lack of cordiality, mutual suspicion, and fear, and a tendency towards violent confrontation. To overcome insecurity there is a need for intelligence gathering and surveillance so that law enforcement agents could be proactive and reasonably predict potential crime with near-perfect accuracy rather than being reactive. Insecurity everywhere is a risk factor that business owners and managers dread and wish to avoid by relocating their businesses elsewhere. Border settlement inside the country is still a work in progress. They were pupils of Government Secondary School in Chibok, Nigerias Borno State. :c7HN|g>c91I@sXdXr1}fr`6'sgJm1TixgLME5+ Nigeria has lost large numbers of lives in the Northern region since 2009 to the insurgency of this infamous sect, Boko Haram which has been ravaging the northern region of the country. In Nigeria, cases that bother on corruption and insecurity have most often been compromised. Usually, the brakes come on at the last second before contact is made with the incoming object. Various people poured encomiums on him for his wonderful deeds, impacts, and influence when he was alive. Politics overtime has done more damage than good in Nigeria, by sometimes leading to loss of life's and properties. 3. Lack of institutional capacity resulting in government failure described as the corrosion or breakdown of institutional infrastructures. This can be an important part of emergency management and the benefits of a state of emergency often include opening up resources that will benefit communities impacted by the emergency situation. Even if they have suspended operations for the time being, their actions have drastically reduced crude oil output in the country. In addition to the usual crimes, the coordinated attacks from the Boko Haram sect in the northern part of the country, besides making life miserable for Nigerians, have affected so many businesses operating in that region. Nigeria runs a federal system a situation where the federating units are expected to enjoy autonomy. The constitutional powers to declare a state of emergency rests with the president. Political leaders have a history of engaging in corrupt practices. This might result in delays in production, decrease in product quality, increase labor costs, etc. Foreign investors in the Nigerian economy are moving away from starting new companies or production plants and are buying up shares of quoted companies instead. Buhari declared winner of Nigeria's Presidential Elections. The Nigeria insecurity situation can, and in many cases, actually halted business operations during the periods of violence and also caused the outright closure of many enterprises especially in the areas or zones where incidences of insecurity are rife and are on a daily occurrence, in a bid to protect lives of operators and business property. Nigerias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been growing at a slow pace in recent years. Nigerias annual inflation rate rose to 11.23 percent in August 2018, up from 11.14 percent in July, which was higher than the markets forecast of 11.11 percent. FILE - A woman carries a placard as she shouts a slogan during a "Walk Against Rape" march in Lagos, Nigeria, Oct. 5, 2011. Our law enforcement agencies must therefore be incorruptible and fair. Below are 10 causes of insurgencies in Nigeria. It is generally argued however that security is not the absence of threats or security issues, but the ability to rise to the challenges posed by these threats with expediency and expertise. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels Nigeria has a population of around 180 million people. Corruption must be combated as a team effort. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! 10. The Nigeria-South Africa Chamber of commerce webinar for January 2021 was held on 28th January 2021. Corruption: Many of Nigerias issues are caused by corruption. It is the bane of our society. In particular, the failure of the intelligence services to contain the recurring security breaches. The burgeoning population has resulted in a slew of new issues, including environmental deterioration and traffic congestion in major cities. This is manifested by the incapacity of the government to deliver public services and to provide basic needs for the masses. 6 Bayelsa State - Yenagoa. 1. (Trading Economics 2018). Below are some of the difficulties impacting ethnicity in Nigeria, as well as proposed. A particular feature of the current state of emergency is the unusually large number of persons that have been detained as a result of it: These include high civil servants, prominent business people, religious leaders, trade unionists and other civic leaders. In June, the rate of severe acute malnutrition was 19 per cent among children - the emergency threshold is 3 per cent. World Bank on the investment climate in nine African countries in which it was found that 29% of business operators in Africa and 36% in Nigeria perceived insecurity as a major constraint on investment. Foreign investors in the Nigerian economy are moving away from starting new companies or production plants and are buying up shares of quoted companies instead. Thus, instead of being national watchdogs and defending national interest and values, and protecting people from harm by criminals, they soon become saboteurs of government effort by supporting and fuelling insecurity through either leaking vital security information or aiding and abetting criminals to acquire weapons or to escape the long arm of the law. The powers to declare a state of emergency is contained in section 305 of the 1999 constitution (as amended). Uchenna Simeon does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. A paper presented by Director Panning Research and Forecasting, NEMA, to participants of the National War College Course 13, at the . Normally, the official gazette will specify the extent and scope of the emergency powers. It focuses on the emotional and psychological sense of belonging to a social group that can offer one protection). It is both a social and economic monster. the Government of Nigeria declared a state of emergency with the imposition of curfews. c. All tribes and areas should be treated equally by the government. Water resources and railways have similar problems with insufficiency and corruption. b. Some areas have increased risk. To ensure all this, there must be incentives, good conditions of service, and social security. s Nigeria problem. All of these values which made society secured and safe have all gradually been thrown away and lost. Therefore, efforts to tackle insecurity can only be effective if there is a robust combination of legislative and judicial interventions with government reforms that address some of the acute human security challenges confronting a vast majority of the population. This is particularly true in Nigeria where the role of the legislature and judiciary are constantly undermined and influenced by the executive. On the upside, Nigeria benefits from its relatively large market size, which bears the potential for significant economics of scales; a relatively efficient labor market, driven by its flexibility, and a solid financial market following its gradual recovery. Infrastructure: Following other issues such as Boko Haram, infrastructure may appear to be a minor concern, but how can a country advance without a steady power supply? In many countries, the executive arm of the government declares a state of emergency. Required fields are marked *. According to Amnesty International, hundreds of oil leaks occur each year in Nigerias Niger Delta, owing to pipe degradation, sabotage, and carelessness on the part of oil firms. Graduates frequently have to stay in their parents houses for an extended period, leading to dissatisfaction and pessimism. All these variables of crimes and social maladies have made the Nigerian security environment to be complex. 22. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide7.xml.rels 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. As no planning is involved, number of team members require to resolve issues will be less. The combined emergency management authorities, policies, procedures, and resources of local, State, and Federal Governments as well as voluntary disaster relief organizations, the private sector, and international sources constitute a national disaster response framework for providing assistance, following a major disaster or emergency. Thus, the law is no longer acting as a deterrent. Despite these efforts, the level of insecurity in the country is still high. Unpredictability is one of main disadvantages of Emergency maintenance as one does not when failure is going to occur. Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal capital territory.Each of the 36 states is a semi-autonomous political unit that shares powers with the federal government as enumerated under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), is the capital territory of Nigeria, and it is in this territory that the capital city of Abuja is located. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Even though on face value, this will seem to be a positive development, I have reason to be cautious and fearful of another political disaster in the SW. The renowned Security expert said that for the Government to tackle insecurity, a key starting point should be to understand the causes of insecurity as well as to investigate their sources of social disorder and instability. This can be accomplished by learning one or two different trades. Emergency Maintenance (EM) is an immediate action that is needed to be taken whenever any unexpected failure of asset occurs or assets get broken down. In turn, it minimizes loss. The following additional powers can be exercised under emergency rule: massive deployment of the armed forces to take charge of security in place of the policy, invasion of peoples privacy (including homes and offices). The daily massacres, kidnappings, bombings, and rape carried out by Boko Haram throughout the country are quite concerning. In addition, the GDP has decreased during the last few months. In Nigeria, election tampering is not uncommon. EM also helps one to immediately identify major cause of failure and then restore asset or equipment to its normal working condition. See Reasons. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels The security challenges in Anambra State over the past weeks do not in any way qualify for the proclamation of a state of emergency. A large number of the Nigerian population is frustrated and have lost hope, especially the youths, and have now emerged to express their disillusion about the pervasive state of inequality. The government can abuse the emergency powers. Due to the impact of insecurity on businesses, we support the proposition that the government must ensure the availability of public security at all times. Inconsistent economic policies: In Nigeria, every Government comes into office in with their own economic policies which often differ from the policies of the previous administration, hence the previous policies suffer fatally from poor implementation because before it is fully implemented to produce maximum result in our economy, the tenure of the initiator will elapse, and the policies will not be implemented further by the proceeding administration, so therefore resulting in a situation of an ever changing and poorly implemented economic policies which does no good to the growth of our economy. About 1.5% of its territory is covered by water. The Conversation Africas Ogechi Ekeanyanwu asked political science lecturer Uchenna Simeon to explain the circumstances under which a state of emergency can be declared. Located in western Africa and bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Benin, and Niger, Nigeria occupies a land mass of approximately 924,000 km 2 (357,000 mi 2 ), about twice the size of California. In Nigeria, there have been major national disasters in the last few years. There is also the need to modernize the security agencies with training, intelligence sharing, advanced technology, logistics, motivation, and change of orientation. The power sector is crooked and mismanaged, and many personnel in the energy industry lack the necessary skills and training. Under emergency rule, the government enjoys wide powers which infringe on human rights and fundamental freedoms. Education system: Students who attend tertiary education institutions are usually unemployed and depressed. EiEWG is a coordination forum functioning within the principles and . The immediate factors which caused Nigerias insecurity situation are inexhaustible. Beyond these, it also limits sources of funds to the business. Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure as well as improve its health and primary education. There ought to have been a time to determine a cause; time to close that case; and time to deliver judgment and pass sentences. Therefore, the government, civil society groups, business organizations,s, and individuals must fight insecurity so as to create an enabling environment where business organizations will feel free and secured to achieve their full potentials and the country will itself be safe to achieve sustainable development. The argument for this is that such leaders will help to mold the contending ethnic and religious groups into harmony and help to remove the perceived mutual distrust among them. However, Nigeria in recent times has witnessed an unprecedented level of insecurity such as Boko Haram activities, banditry, kidnapping, Fulani-Herders-Farmers clashes that resulted in Ondo State issuance of Quit notice to Fulanis in the State. In addition to the fact that areas pruned to insecurity will not be attractive for marketers from outside, there will be restrictions on mobility. Porous Borders One major immediate factor which has enhanced insecurity in Nigeria is the porous frontiers of the country, where individual movements are largely untracked. In the first case, before the state of emergency was declared on 24 March and a lockdown of parts of the capital city-province Kinshasa was imposed, President Felix Tshisekedi had announced, on 18 March, measures to restrict the movement of people, including banning public gatherings, closing schools, restricting travel and closing public . When these situations exist, the crime rate is bound to rise and the security of lives and properties cannot be guaranteed. 500,000 job hopefuls were in a rush to apply for roughly 5,000 openings in Nigerias immigration agency in 2014, and 16 people were murdered in a melee. This is so because the association of different component units will make the . Currently, 3% of the population is between the ages of 15 and 64. This frequently causes a sense of perceived unfairness by the government and its agents towards these communities. A State of Emergency helps: This is antithetical to the democratic culture which nigeria has practiced successfully and . Nigerian authorities must not use the state of emergency imposed in the north of the country as an excuse to commit human rights violations, Amnesty International urged today as the military continued its assault on Islamist armed group Boko Haram.Several people have reportedly been killed and hundreds . 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