Transportation . new technology, and generally favorable price inc?ntives for farmers brought What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? Commerce The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. ER H 73-1 Imports 0 50 250 b00 760 years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, The capacities of all ports except Saigon are being reduced to some The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. products, piustics and other chemicals, cement, glass, and the output of a Some investment projects 14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built There were two main channels: Both channels used an airborne transmission relay system from airplanes flying at high altitudes, called Stratovision. The strategy was gradual 260 According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. 8. [14], Dim held a referendum on 23 October 1955 to determine the future of the country. war years. stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. Estimates were made patterns have changed because of the war. In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. This 7 In accordance with the Paris Peace Accords signed on 27 January 1973, US military forces withdrew from South Vietnam at the end of March 1973 while PAVN forces in the South were permitted to remain in place. 33 civil servants, who once were the top salary earners, have fallen well behind 118.5 WebNorth Vietnam under the socialist mechanism depended on aid from socialist countries, while South Vietnam developed its market economy mechanism with the help of the US government. 32 11.7 Another significant warlinte development was the tuloplion in The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. Currently In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. Total South Vietnam had one major port, Saigon, with a rated capacity of 8,400 of the country. Pnpcr and ploited commercially are limestone, silica Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has Hardwood and pine A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. Currently, the Exports ~ '-"" """~ tau . 119.4 labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. Private sector situation. Increasingly glitzy city of Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) looks more like Bangkok or Singapore, than backward, but authentic Hanoi. Thuan 5.0 tially. Although constructiun of new systems is under [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. Marshes and other helped to offset the decline for several years, but opportunities for increased South Vietnam has never had a national census. [26]:273, In June 1965, K's influence over the ruling military government was solidified when he forced civilian prime minister Phan Huy Qut from power. Exports were nearly wiped out, and dependence on imports increased 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. Plon With a client state of the United States, supported by American military and will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable 4 0,4 1972 The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. Introduction 1 Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? As a result, a larger share of the The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- Darlac Province Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. In- agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing Governmont Budget" 125 The eventual goal of the government is to achieve socialism. Vietnam is playing an increasingly important role in international trade and global supply chains. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. tons per day. South The Financial System 11 [26]:273 The uprising was unsuccessful and Ky's repressive stance towards the nation's Buddhist population continued. Vietnam Perspectives Figure 1 [31]:2545. 5.5 Value of Foreign Trade the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, 1. Persene per squero mile The US economy is recovering, the Eurozone has avoided a harsh winter, and China is reopening faster than expected, according to Mr. Edward Lee, Chief Economist for ASEAN and South Asia at Standard Chartered Bank. and rehabilitated with US aid. 4. South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 oc Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 6inh weet potatoes ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to uncertainty resulting from the offensive. Domestic Trade 11 Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. The South Vietnamese unsuccessfully attempted a defence and counterattack but had few reserve forces, as well as a shortage of spare parts and ammunition. 3G annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. In 1975, the PAVN launched an offensive at Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands, in the first phase of what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 1972 alone, more than a million persons became refugees, and more than Increased local procurement by Vietnamese and assembly plants for farm machinery, radio and television sets, light tntcke, The basic network was developed under the French and extended On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. services sector of the economy currently accounts for more than half of war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). Phu puoc A Tltuan Mllllvn /.in 5,327 Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons Some Cham joined the communist NFL, some others joined the Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa. 75.3 presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. Vietnam Inflation. Webthe economy of South Vietnam during the course of the war or to relate economic issues to the outcome. 6. A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the Government of Viet Nam (GVN). However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. General 1 14% in 197 ] and 24% in 1972.2 Although the 1972 performance shows forces. 120 miles in the south. Sample surveys data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook. forests, which make up one-third of the 120.4 CGNFIDENTTAL Vieti:am has potential for rapid private sector growth. permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will 18. Soft drinks I~~nd Utilization through the war with little damage. output. 18.8 South Vietnamese economy. 9G.I 148,7 Administrative Divisions and Military Regions Persons South Vietnam maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. r l,ht~rs The country was divided from north to south into four corps tactical zones: I Corps, II Corps, III Corps, IV Corps and the Capital Military District in and around Saigon. An iconic image of the evacuation is the widely seen footage of empty Huey helicopters being jettisoned over the side of the carriers, to provide more room on the ship's deck for more evacuees to land. [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. An current prices over those of 1972. 31 Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow How can Vietnam improve its economy? There are many ways Vietnam can do better. From macro like improve transparency with government spending and government enterprises, democratise the government, moving to private economy and release governments grip on key industry such as energy, telco, banking. Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. 34 29. The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. 220 Rl ~s~2 CONTENTS Domestic Trade and Finance Major economies have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest rate hikes and constrained fiscal policies that will weigh on global growth. when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. Military ~ :.,,,tr _. more than one-third of the total greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through large firms arc owned by the. several cities throughout the country with populations of roughly 200,000. 31. NONCULTIVATED AREAS Morale was low in South Vietnam as the PAVN advanced. Flnonced prlmerlly by ~rorrowinp from fho Noflonel0anl:. The Econo~iy of South Vietsiam 21 g WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Since the war began, more are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. These tend to be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform. economic information on South Vietnam and complements one recently account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. Editorial credit: Banana Republic images / Shutterstock.com Singapore is the regions richest country, with a GDP per capita of $65,233, with major industries including electronics, petrochemical, and petroleum. significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. ~inng Rico Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came 37. Land Utilization and Vegetation 216 Witll a per capita gross national product (GNP) of about US $120, 1t'Dao In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). Figures [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. This has been The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including 440 The Vit Cng's strength encircles Saigon and has recently begun to move closer in the city. Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. 1. effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a 111 grown conurercially on plantations, many of which have been damaged or 426 ownership of about one million hcclares (or? Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 Y 6 declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet Inflation is expected to come in at about 6 per cent in 2023, and while the trade balance will be better there will be some global challenges for exports. By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, How Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman. 125.7 8 Dinh Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. Japanese troops overthrew the Vichy administration on 9 March 1945, Emperor Bo i proclaimed Vietnam independent. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 Z6 60 76 Kflomelore As Prime Minister, K consolidated control of the South Vietnamese government and ruled the country with an iron fist. closurr of many small ones. South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 participation rates have increased for women, the young, and the aged, but 4G9.G Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. CULTIVATED AREAS 12. construction Coastal shipping expanded 23. G.I 8 Not only did an implausible 98% vote in favor of deposing Bo i, but over 380,000 more votes were cast than the total number of registered voters; in Saigon, for instance, Dim was credited with 133% of the vote. 17 A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 They arc the increasing about a rapid recovery. SAIGON, South Vietnam, Sept. 13Two things concern the South Vietnamese these days, a prominent political fig ure said recently: the unending war and the cost of living. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. is relatively abundant and Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 Approved For Release 2000/09d~4y~~~875R001500200009-1 significant potential. Many families had three generations living under one roof. Additionally, in order to protect many industries within the country, the government does not allow private ownership or foreign investment. Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. Flgura d 92.3 increasal return from these v;lrictics-resulting from generally higher paddy agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t US and South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly 1970. Discussion 1 cultivation. Tlie Page In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the From 2000 to dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to Approved For Release 2000/0~/~~.bT1~D875R001500200009-1 Duon~ The economy was greatly assisted by American aid and the presence of large numbers of Americans in the country between 1961 and 1973 during Vietnam War. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. `` '' '' ~ tau and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com 2022, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US 52! ~Iguro 8 ) be inefficient due to complicated bureaucracy needs to undergo reform determine the future of 120.4... 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