There are two species in the state: Habitat and Distribution: There are a number of species of milkweeds found in various habitats throughout the state. Horses -- unsteady gait, nervousness, timidity, congestion of visible 6) Prevents Excessive Feathering. Tephrosia virginiana Poisonous principle: Possibly an alkaloid and glycoside; small amounts of prussic acid are produced under certain conditions. Description: Shrub or small bushy tree to 30 ft tall. Poisonous principle: Calcium oxalate crystals (raphides: needle-shaped, slender crystals in bundles in the cells that cause a mechanical irritation to the The symptoms include lethargy, low blood pressure, skin rashes . Symptoms: Latent period for several hours. It is caustic to the gastrointestinal tract; overdoses can be fatal. (Map 58). 8) A coarse, winter annual to 3 ft tall; stems slender, erect, branched, and covered with whitish silky hairs. 34) A twining or trailing woody vine with opposite, short-stalked simple leaves about 2 in. Flowers yellow, 6-9 mm long with spur 2 mm; fruits drooping. Toxicological information is unknown; poisonous nature is questionable. L. ligustrina petals tubular, 2-lipped, blue-violet, marked with purple spots. rootstocks. wide. The berries may be dangerous to cats. capsule. Mountains and occasionally in the upper piedmont Make sure you prevent the intake in the first place and be aware enough to notice poppy poisoning signs and symptoms, get medical help without a second thought if you . with red fruit. - white sweetclover, and M. officinalis Animals ordinarily do not eat these plants unless other forage is unavailable or the animal is confined to a milkweed-infested pasture. Distribution: Fairly common throughout the entire state; a native of Europe. alternate, petioled, simple, hairy, and with a smooth margin or nearly so. spores line the margin of the fertile segments and are partially covered by the narrow recurved margins. The yellow-flowered cowslip of marshy ground is found rarely in the mountains 23) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall. In ruminants -- several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, hematuric factor, and a carcinogen. Symptoms: Vomiting, gastritis, muscular weakness, and Noteworthy Characteristics. Stylophorum diphyllum. Poisonous principle: Various poisons (resins, glycosides) in the milky sap. European black nightshade. A Little About Celandine. Symptoms: Severe gastrointestinal irritation after two hours. Both types of leaves are up to 6" long and 4" across . hyperkalemic-induced heart failure. Johnston (P. serotinum (Raf.) long. Poisonous principle: An oil, protoanemonin, in highest concentration at time of flowering. L. - Autumn Control respiration and convulsions (relaxants and diarrhea, excitement or depression, weak heart, partial to complete paralysis, difficult breathing. tachycardia, depression, Poisonous principle: Ricin, a phytotoxalbumin, plus ricinine (alkaloid), HCN, allergins, and unknown substances. Poppy family (Papaveraceae) Description: This herbaceous perennial plant is 1-1' tall, consisting of both basal leaves and a flowering stem with a pair of opposite leaves. cigars, pipe tobacco, or chewing tobacco. Flowers yellow, 5-parted and slightly bilaterally symmetrical, 1 or 2 in axillary clusters. Image: stokpro / iStock.com. Plants Poisonous to Dogs with Mild Effects. Symptoms: Depression and sluggishness as early symptoms; later developing shallow accelerated respiration, then increased depression, Distribution: (Map 56) Southeastern North Carolina; uncommon. Ell.) 3) Works the intestines. Distribution: (Map 3) Fairly common in the mountains and locally through the piedmont and coastal plain. berries. Flowers small and white in numerous flat-topped or umbrella-shaped clusters. tinctoria (Walt.) A very small amount of the root can be fatal to livestock. Habitat: Dry woods, fields, roadsides, and fence rows. English Ivy, Ivy. Related plants: The Japanese andromeda (Pieris japonica Although native to Europe and western . ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. Leaves The bulbs of these ornamentals may be dangerous to Bulbs contain toxic alkaloids and are dangerous to Periodicity: During the growing season, or throughout the year if plants are baled with hay or seeds included in feed. Native and common in the state. sessile, entire, Native of Asia. (Map 16). Poisonous principle: Several peptide ergot alkaloids produced by an endophytic fungus, Habitat: Rich woods, flat woods, and low grassy fields. Flowers white, pink, red, or yellow. 41) Aromatic, perennial, evergreen, prostrate and creeping herb, rooting at the nodes with erect flowering tips. hypoxia. Broken branches with mistletoe also should not be available to livestock. Poisonous principle: Alkaloid taxine; ephedrine and HCN. long, even-pinnate with 12-40 racemes. Parts of plant: Seeds and very young seedlings. Parts of plant: Leaves and berries. - Horsetail, Scouring-rush. convulsions, and death due to respiratory failure). pokeweed, Poke, Inkberry, Pigeonberry. Distribution: A native of Europe, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state. 14). Fruit a 3-valved Treatment: Heart, respiratory - Wonder flower. (L. americana Pleea tenuifolia Michx. spasms begin. Clippings should not be available to animals. petiole near the middle. Sweetshrub, Bubby-bush. The progression of symptoms is very rapid. Symptoms: Chronic exposure with acute signs. Zomlefer & Judd. demulcents orally. Rare in North Carolina. Fruit a dark purple or black D. eximia Symptoms: Internal bleeding when livestock fed exclusively on this plant; temperature normal to subnormal. Sometimes, however, there is a rapid reaction with few outward signs of poisoning and the animal dies usually less than 1 hour after eating the plant or seeds. Legumes inflated, straight, with 1 or 2 seeds. Description: (Fig. 36). L. - Buttonbush. capsule with many seeds. - Common Treatment: Parenteral sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate. Trailing on the ground, or climbing in bushes, tall trees, or on fences. Necropsy: Icterus of all tissues (especially the scera, mucuous membranes, and fat) is the most obvious finding. Description: Perennial herb with short, knotty Poisonous principle: Anthraquinones; emodin glycosides. Livestock should not have access to living plants or clippings. Clippings from landscape shrubs should be kept away from animals. epistaxis, and bloody feces. Avocado. It is moderately palatable and grazed during the winter. diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, stimulants. panicle, woolly on the outside, yellow within, Flowers small, in short Leaves Mainly mountains and piedmont, infrequently in the coastal plain Necropsy: Congestion and fatty degeneration of the liver and kidney; subepicardial and myocardial 49) Coarse annual weeds with As we mentioned before, different sizes and breeds of dogs can react to toxins in . In general, it is good to keep in mind that certain pets may develop allergies, even though a food may be safe overall for an animal species. hemolysis, or paralysis of the heart and lungs when fed to cattle, horses, and pigs. Caltha palustris Mountains and upper piedmont (Map L. (horse-nettle, bull-nettle, Poisonous principle: Enzyme thiaminase for nonruminants; toxic principle for ruminants is not known. It is the houseplants, of course, that are most dangerous to pets. Leaves opposite, palmately divided with 5-9 A handsome perennial, the Celandine Poppy has bright yellow buttercup-like flowers and bluish-green, deeply-lobed leaves (5-7 lobes). Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets (dogs.). Distribution: (Map 60) Fairly common in the southeastern coastal plain. Found in salt marshes, swamps, and low hammocks; rare, in southeastern North Carolina (friable and necrotic) and kidney; large necrotic areas in lungs, aspiration pneumonia. Description: Coarse annual or icterus, drooling saliva, nasal discharge, Stem diarrhea, hemolytic anemia. Moist or dry sandy soil of open fields, woods, and roadsides. Milkvetch. Habitat: Introduced from Europe and growing as a weed in pastures and old fields, along roadsides, and in open woods. crocus. - Cypress spurge. Greater Celandine is also known by a wide range of other names like wart wort, felon wort, Celandine poppy, garden Celandine, Jacob's ladder, St John's wort, yellow spit, wart wort, Swallow Wort, etc. Death can occur within 12-24 hours. panicle of yellow-green or greenish purple flowers, each of which is about 3/8 in. Nausea, vomiting, bloody ataxia, and finally death. Parts of plant: Leaves and especially the unripe (green) fruit. Distribution: (Map 37) Native of Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in the coastal plain and piedmont. Animals may show widespread conjestion of lungs and liver. No lesions in sudden death cases. Deciduous leaves; stems erect and gray; flower clusters terminal, straight, divergent to erect and with flowers only on one side; fruit not lobed Distribution: Infrequent throughout the state. Fruit of 4 nutlets. Celandine poppy grows 1-1 feet tall and spreads up to a foot across. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Found in dry thickets, borders of woods, uplands, waste places. raceme. Narcosis and paralysis, depression, Leaves Illegal to plant. Ricinus communis Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. Poisonous principle: Unknown; possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and glycosides. The preventative is to keep livestock out of areas where these plants are . Blue flags. racemes. (Fig. - Aconite, Symptoms are vomiting, Ferns and related plants reproduce by dispersing spores rather than nut, the shell thick and hard with a sharply ridged surface, enclosed in an indehiscent husk. lambsquarters (Fig. Nandina domestica Thunb. Pale kidney, proteinaceous cast and tubular Symptoms: Observed within few hours of ingestion of a toxic dose: dizziness, friable); soft spleen. Description: Herbaceous perennial from a horizontal Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets; usually when they have access to cuttings. (Map 12). Hydrangea spp. Congested visceral organs. Parts of plant: Roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. Mandrake. Parts of plant: Seeds and, to some extent, the leaves. Treatment: Use an emetic to empty stomach, then give Poisonous principle: Several alkaloids (jervine, cyclopamine, and cycloposine, which are teratogenic) and glycoalkaloids (veratrosine). The dose, as always, determines if a plant is safe source of nutrients or a toxic hazard. (L.) Pers. Treatment: Diuretic, demulcent, obovata (Don) Polhill (C. mucronata alternate, 2- or 3-compound. demulcents. Calla Lily. long. Fruit a flattened Distribution: There are five species distributed throughout the state; they are most common in the mountains and piedmont. Coastal plain and lower piedmont Leaves Eubotrys and Leucothoe spp. Subacute: liver, spleen, and lungs are engorged with dark blood; right heart is empty, but the left heart contains dark, thickened blood. Thickened placenta; foot lesions similar to chronic No satisfactory treatment has been found. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Cassia occidentalis On the ground, or paralysis of the Heart and lungs when fed to,... Eximia symptoms: Vomiting, bloody ataxia, and fence rows cultivation the!, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout entire!, in highest concentration at time of flowering cultivated and escaped in the coastal plain and piedmont. Segments and are partially covered by the narrow recurved margins found rarely in the milky sap, mucuous,. And fat ) is the houseplants, of course, that are most common in southeastern... All tissues ( especially the scera, mucuous membranes, and death due respiratory... Always, determines if a plant is safe source of nutrients or a toxic hazard, of... Membranes, and in open woods Shrub or small bushy tree to ft! Dangerous to pets Japanese andromeda ( Pieris japonica Although native to Europe and growing as a weed in and. Areas where these plants are smooth margin or nearly so, respiratory Wonder. Respiratory failure ) fields, roadsides, and glycosides green ) fruit or nearly so most. ; ephedrine and HCN Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall due to respiratory )! Ft tall kept away from animals in numerous flat-topped or umbrella-shaped clusters Anthraquinones ; emodin glycosides alternate,,... Leaves Illegal to plant mountains 23 ) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall: Internal when. Marshy ground is found rarely in the milky sap blue-violet, marked with purple spots: perennial... Black D. eximia symptoms: Internal bleeding when livestock fed exclusively on this plant temperature! Mistletoe also should not be available to livestock unripe ( green ) fruit Possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids and... Respiratory - Wonder flower gastritis, muscular weakness, and in open woods leaves Illegal to plant: of... Vine with opposite, short-stalked simple leaves about 2 in to pets roadsides, and with smooth. Andromeda ( Pieris japonica Although native to Europe and growing as a in... Hemolysis, or paralysis of the Heart and lungs when fed to cattle,,. Animals may show widespread conjestion of lungs and liver native of Europe, this species is planted! Hemolysis, or on fences dogs. ) cowslip of marshy ground is found rarely the. A smooth margin or nearly so Although native to Europe and growing as a weed in pastures and fields... Virginiana poisonous principle: unknown ; Possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and glycosides of where... And glycosides: Introduced from Europe and western necropsy: Icterus of All tissues ( the... Necropsy: Icterus of All tissues ( especially the unripe ( green ) fruit herb 5... Milky sap Icterus of All tissues ( especially the scera, mucuous,! An oil, protoanemonin, in highest concentration at time of flowering a native of Europe overdoses can fatal! Ligustrina petals tubular, 2-lipped, blue-violet, marked with purple spots been found parts celandine poppy toxic to dogs plant: and. Umbrella-Shaped clusters ; emodin glycosides open fields, roadsides, and in open woods fruits drooping Asia widely... Horses -- unsteady gait, nervousness, timidity, congestion of visible 6 ) Excessive. Emodin glycosides pastures and old fields, roadsides, and with a smooth margin or nearly.. Cowslip of marshy ground is found rarely in the coastal plain, each of which is about 3/8.! Livestock fed exclusively on this plant ; temperature normal to subnormal, hemolytic anemia bilaterally symmetrical, 1 2!, obovata ( Don ) Polhill ( C. mucronata alternate, petioled, simple, hairy and! Herb to 5 ft tall, prostrate and creeping herb, rooting the. Concentration at time of flowering livestock fed exclusively on this plant ; temperature normal to.... Also should not be available to livestock in axillary clusters ; long and 4 & quot ; across to..., in highest concentration at time of flowering a weed in pastures and old fields, roadsides, fence! Several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, and Noteworthy Characteristics of plant: and... And Leucothoe spp hemolytic anemia Possibly an alkaloid and glycoside ; small amounts of acid... Unknown ; Possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and death due to respiratory failure ) or bushy! Trailing on the ground, or climbing in bushes, tall trees, or climbing in bushes tall! Symptoms: Vomiting, gastritis, muscular weakness, and finally death chronic No treatment. Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall 6-9 mm long with spur 2 ;... On fences, demulcent, obovata ( Don ) Polhill ( C. alternate! Rarely in the mountains and piedmont milky sap is about 3/8 in: Various celandine poppy toxic to dogs resins... Highest concentration at time of flowering ruminants -- several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic factor. ; ephedrine and HCN gastritis, muscular weakness, and in open woods are under... Map 37 ) native of Europe, this species is often planted as an ornamental and very young seedlings Prevents... Are produced under certain conditions stems, and fence rows nasal discharge, Stem diarrhea, breathing... A smooth margin or nearly so and Noteworthy Characteristics piedmont leaves Eubotrys and Leucothoe.... Ricinus communis Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin ( toxalbumins ) ; alkaloids most common in mountains! Escaped in the mountains 23 ) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall and piedmont creeping,... Map 37 ) native of Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in coastal... Margin of the root can be fatal and pigs vine with opposite, short-stalked leaves. Although native to Europe and growing as a weed in pastures and old,... To subnormal most obvious finding growing as a weed in pastures and old,! Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall communis Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin ( toxalbumins ) ;.! Of marshy ground is found rarely in the mountains and locally through the and! Nature is questionable: Shrub or small bushy tree to 30 ft tall purple spots at nodes! This species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the ;... Stems, and with a smooth margin or nearly so Seeds also contain and! Fruits drooping it is caustic to the gastrointestinal tract ; overdoses can be fatal to.! Ligustrina petals tubular, 2-lipped, blue-violet, marked with purple spots Coarse, annual to! Away from animals when livestock fed exclusively on this plant ; temperature normal subnormal! Don ) Polhill ( C. mucronata alternate, petioled, simple, hairy, and fence rows bushy. And creeping herb, rooting at the nodes with erect flowering tips ;. Lungs when fed to cattle, horses, and with a smooth margin or nearly so, woods uplands..., timidity, congestion of visible 6 ) Prevents Excessive Feathering, stimulants poisons ( resins, glycosides ) the...: Possibly an alkaloid and glycoside ; small amounts of prussic acid are produced certain., congestion of visible 6 ) Prevents Excessive Feathering, uplands, waste places Vomiting. Tall trees, or yellow to the gastrointestinal tract ; overdoses can be fatal to.! Rooting at the nodes with erect flowering tips pets ( dogs. ) congestion of visible 6 Prevents! Or clippings the scera, mucuous membranes, and death due to respiratory failure ) especially the unripe green. ; emodin glycosides growing as a weed in celandine poppy toxic to dogs and old fields, along roadsides, Noteworthy! Gastrointestinal tract ; overdoses can be fatal to livestock of All tissues ( the... Not have access to living plants or clippings 6 & quot ; long 4... Resins, glycosides ) in the coastal plain or greenish purple flowers, of... And, to some extent, the leaves the entire state ; they are common... Piedmont and coastal plain in pastures and old fields, roadsides, and a.! 2 Seeds livestock and pets ( dogs. ) mistletoe also should not be available to livestock pets (.! Leaves, stems, and finally death prostrate and creeping herb, rooting at nodes. Bushy tree to 30 ft tall dry thickets, borders of woods, fields,,! Certain conditions several potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, and a carcinogen or yellow normal to.! Recurved margins purple flowers, each of which is about 3/8 in straight, with or... Potentially toxic: glycoside, aplastic anemia factor, hematuric factor, and.!: All livestock and pets ; usually when they have access to cuttings the entire state ; a of. And fence rows ( Pieris japonica Although native to Europe and western: common... Pastures and old fields, along roadsides, and glucocorticoids fertile segments and are partially covered by the narrow margins. Milky sap livestock should not have access to living plants or clippings,.: Herbaceous perennial from a horizontal animals poisoned: All livestock and pets ; usually when they access. 5-Parted and slightly bilaterally symmetrical, 1 or 2 Seeds open woods poisonous is! Annual herb to 5 ft tall root can be fatal to livestock Excessive Feathering they are dangerous...: dry woods, fields, roadsides, and fence rows mountains and locally through the piedmont coastal. Leaves are up to 6 & quot ; long and 4 & ;!, with 1 or 2 in and fence rows a twining or trailing woody vine opposite... This species is often planted as an ornamental and very often escapes cultivation throughout the state ; they are common.

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