If a government has penalized or punished a victim in such a way, the government should vacate the conviction and/or expunge the victims record. Despite the significant disruptions to efforts to combat this crime, the anti-trafficking community found ways to adapt and forged new relationships to overcome the challenges. The GNA has also committed to providing unhindered access to an international fact-finding mission created under the auspices of the UN Human Rights Council in June 2020 to document human rights abuses in Libya. Standing in solidarity with Black lives also means speaking up for the injustices plaguing Black communities that are overwhelmed with trafficking victims. Outlined below is a description of what it means to be both trauma- and survivor-informed, as well as recommendations on integrating both approaches as one, comprehensive effort. Harold Jahnsen Casey Risko Niger The governments efforts to address child soldiers are continually discussed at regular RJMEC and CTSAMVM meetings. sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or. One of the most effective ways to identify broader criminal networks and take the profit out of this crime is to follow the financial trail human traffickers leave behind. There are certain types of forced labor that are frequently distinguished for emphasis or because they are widespread: Domestic servitude is a form of forced labor in which the trafficker requires a victim to perform work in a private residence. Sinking demand also led major global retailers to cancel orders and, in many cases, refuse to pay for products their supplier factories had already produced. Heather Fisher Pakistan Equally notable, she has personally assisted former child soldiers released from prison and used her own money to help cover expenses for necessities. Indeed, in many places the diversion of law enforcement attention from human trafficking toward enforcing pandemic-related measures has resulted in other community actors carrying out identification efforts, often in ways that are more culturally responsive and less likely to re-traumatize victims. NGOs from various countries separately reported significant funding cuts due to COVID-19, which forced some to halt all assistance or cancel certain victim-support services. OSCE Alliance against Trafficking in Persons: Decision No. In 2021, this initiative examined how to improve information sharing between and among governments on topics such as KSTs transitioning through official ports, the use of ships and small vessels as weapons, and the smuggling or trafficking of narcotics or arms through subregional workshops focused on West Africa, East Africa, and East Asia . Malawi Francesca J. Tadle Chane Corp PRC officials then defended the facilities as necessary measures to counter terrorism, while also claiming that many of them had already been closed. They are recognized for their tireless efforts despite some working in challenging environments where human trafficking concerns remain pervasive and facing resistance, opposition, or threats to their lives to protect victims, punish offenders, and mitigate the underlying factors that cause vulnerabilities traffickers often target. At the local and regional levels,she is persistent in advancing advocacy, outreach, and rehabilitation services to combat human trafficking. The government of the country should prohibit severe forms of trafficking in persons and punish acts of such trafficking. This pattern of fracturing families and communities has led to an unjust overrepresentation of Black individuals in other systems, like prisons, runaway and homeless youth services, and foster or institutional care, that exacerbate the social isolation and vulnerability on which traffickers prey. North Macedonia UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Ouagadougou Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, Especially Women and Children (2006), ASEAN Declaration Against Trafficking in Persons, Particularly Women and Children (2004), ASEAN Senior Officials Meeting on Transnational Crime. Bethany Hanke Hoang Although some children may legally engage in certain forms of work, forcing or coercing children to work remains illegal. The use of these innovations leaves digital footprints, which may be detected as these transactions pass through the financial system. Allow me to repeat myself: we were SOLD. The UN TIP Protocol, which is widely ratified, mandates the criminalization of money laundering when proceeds are derived from humantrafficking and encourages signatories to promote international cooperation between their respective national authorities addressing money laundering. It is undeniably essential for governments to execute effective, coordinated public health responses to prevent further loss of life and economic damage as a result of the pandemic. The cost of the projects with a specific focus on countering the trafficking of people in TT came up to about US$5.2 million. Whether the government of the country extradites persons charged with acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons on substantially the same terms and to substantially the same extent as persons charged with other serious crimes (or, to the extent such extradition would be inconsistent with the laws of such country or with international agreements to which the country is a party, whether the government is taking all appropriate measures to modify or replace such laws and treaties so as to permit such extradition). We arent victims because we chose this life. Maharaj has given credence to the Prime Minister's claim in Parliament on Friday about the involvement of Opposition members in human trafficking, as he responded to questions from Naparima MP Rodney Charles about actions taken in light of a damning 2022 US report on human trafficking, which pointed fingers at "senior government officials.". U.S. missions overseas are dedicated to covering human trafficking issues year-round. Bemaka-Soui is also sensitive to the effects that human trafficking has on individuals and their communities. This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State throughout the year on government progress in addressing human trafficking. International Military Education and Training $155,282 Prosecutors typically conducted interviews with victims virtually and less frequently to prevent re-traumatization. Iran After arriving in the United States, Vicente and several other Chilean students learned their program had been changed from a two-year program to a one-year program in food services. They may also be used to support the Community of SantEgidios facilitation of South Sudan peace talks. An official website of the United States Government, https://fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports-statements/treasury-reporting-rates-exchange/treasury-reporting-rates-of-exchange-as-of-december-31-2020-with-amendments.xlsx, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. I cant compare one victims experience to anothers, but I will say that race can add an additional layer of oppression., A survivors account, 3. For many people, human trafficking evokes images of women and children being forcibly taken and sold into sexual slavery by strangers, or of people locked in rooms or vehicles far from home. 333 $2,957,240 Venezuela A safe space affords children privacy so they can talk about their experiences more freely. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the Government of Afghanistan (GOA) and has certified that the GOA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Page 18-19: Mushfiqual Alam A trafficker can target a victim after a victim applies for a job or migrates to earn a living. The 2003 reauthorization of the TVPA added to the original law a new requirement that foreign governments provide the Department of State with data on trafficking investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and sentences in order to fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking (Tier 1). The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. Sierra Leone William Hine-Ramsberger At the age of 10, Salih and his schoolmates went outside to play soccer after the school day finished. When their employer abruptly left, the men were able to seek assistance at their national embassy. Section 5. Many anti-trafficking organizations also responded to the pandemic by emphasizing staff wellness, especially for employees with lived experience of human trafficking who are at risk of heightened responses to the stress caused by the pandemic. 333 and has certified that the Government of Somalia is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. The report came to the fore last Friday, when the Prime Minister responded to questions in Parliament as to why TT was unable to come off the watch list. Training Advisor to The Human Trafficking Legal Center, We were sold for a certain amount of money for 30 minutes or an hour. NOTES: Local currencies have been converted to U.S. dollars ($) using the currency exchange rates reported by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on December 31, 2020. Representation and diversity of experience and thought matter. Mexico Haley L. Sands We commit to bringing this dedication to our efforts to fight human trafficking as well. Empower survivors to outgrow the label of only a survivor. Governments, investors, researchers, and civil-society actors should explore how microfinance and other forms of social finance can support survivors. Applicable assistance restrictions apply for the next Fiscal Year, which begins October 1, 2021. Kenya As of April 5, no funds subject to CSPA have been obligated. Observers report that law enforcement and security officials are implicated in trafficking, including Coast Guard officials who facilitate the transit of women and girls from Venezuela to the country, immigration and customs officers who ensure that women and girls arrive and receive entry and the members of the police who accept bribes to facilitate transport to houses across the country and work with brothel owners to protect their establishments from police raids, the report said. Many victims struggle with a long list of criminal offenses that follow them for the rest of their lives., Lyresh Magee, Takiyah Golden Trained customer-facing staff can recognize, document, and report behavioral indicators of human trafficking. The government was actively complicit in the forced labor of North Korean workers. The basic meaning of these forms of human trafficking and some unique characteristics of each are set forth below, followed by several key principles and concepts that relate to all forms of human trafficking. Janine Gannon Japan Efforts to reform the kafala system and develop non-exploitative policies would benefit from input and recommendations from survivors who experienced forced labor under this system. Despite facing resistance and, at times, criticism, he and his team continue to work toward the implementation of labor reforms and improvement of workers lives. The DHS Blue Campaign Visit disclaimer page works in collaboration with law enforcement, government, non-governmental, and private organizations and strives to protect the basic right of freedom and to bring those who exploit human lives to justice.. DHS plays a major role in identifying foreign national victims of trafficking. Senegal While many countries shifted to conducting court proceedings virtually, limited to no internet connectivity and cost-related barriers to internet access for rural or underserved communities in some countries, such as The Gambia, made it challenging for victims to participate in virtual courts. The report also said government corruption and complicity in trafficking crimes also inhibited law-enforcement action in 2021. The GNA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers, including by working closely with the U.S. government in the context of our recurring bilateral Security Dialogue to disarm and demobilize the militias, which engage in their recruitment and use. the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. A list of drug-related corruption cases involving public officials during the 1983-1985 period is included. Section 2 provides a description and the amounts of assistance withheld pursuant to section 404(a) of the CSPA. The analysis is primarily focused on the traffickers conduct and not that of the victim. Privacy intrusions are also a concern and occur when information or images about people mistakenly believed to be trafficking victims, or those of actual victims, are shared in connection to conspiracy misinformation or disinformation. Alternatively, the President may waive application of the foregoing restrictions upon a determination that the provision to a Tier 3 country of such assistance would promote the purposes of the TVPA or is otherwise in the national interest of the United States. Spain Ben Wiselogle Argentina The circumstances of LGBTQI+ individuals, including threats of public disclosure of their sexual orientation or gender identity, are not isolated to foreign countries. While human trafficking actors and organizations typically generate illicit proceeds in cash or through the traditional financial system, they sometimes use cryptocurrency. The United States recognizes two primary forms of trafficking in persons: forced labor and sex trafficking. During FY 2021, DoD section 333 funding was obligated for the following activities: training and equipment. She continues to be a guiding force, bringing out the best in her team. In recent years, participants in online forums have spread a number of false and misleading claims about child sex trafficking, sometimes deliberately deceiving the public through disinformation efforts connected to conspiracy theories unrelated to human trafficking. Section 333 is used to support the Air-to-Ground Integration (AGI) program, which integrates intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), precision strike, and military intelligence to increase the effectiveness of the Nigerian Air Force while reducing the potential for civilian harm through human rights and IHL training in support of the nationally-funded FMS Super Tucano A-29 lines of effort. The introduction also illustrates collaborative ways to reimagine anti-trafficking efforts with an emphasis on preparedness to prevent compounding effects of future crises on trafficking victims and vulnerable individuals, as well as efforts to combat the most recent emerging human trafficking trends. Page 23: Picture Alliance Guedet Mandzela |Gabon, Stopping Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by International Peacekeepers and Civilian Personnel, International, Regional, and Sub-Regional Organizations Combating Trafficking In Persons, Annual Report on the Use of Child Soldiers, Sections 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act (CSPA) of 2008 (22 U.S.C. Jamaica The numbers in parentheses are those of labor trafficking prosecutions, convictions, and victims identified. Curaao Resources for these organizations are often already strained and should be directed towards evidence-based solutions to combat human trafficking. Organizations must listen to survivors and determine how best to adapt practices that honor and incorporate their input. Rendi McCoy Sarah Jennings Bosnia and Herzegovina The impacts of familial trafficking, both visible and not, and subsequent needs of survivors are often severe and complex, and they can be exacerbated by the onset of trauma during key childhood developmental stages. Latvia The DRC plays a critical role in regional stability and security as malign influences continue to expand their influence in the region. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. The Prime Minister has taking aim at Opposition Leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar for her silence on remarks made by a former member of her People's Partnership administration about allegations that UNC members are involved in of human trafficking. Patrice Roberts brings Caribbean vibe at NBA game. Canadian financial institutions, FINTRAC (Canadas Financial Intelligence Unit), financial regulators, law enforcement, non-profit organizations, and technology companies collaborated to develop indicia of suspicious transactions of money laundering from sex trafficking. Under the human trafficking program, the FBI investigates: Sex trafficking: When individuals are. I was cleaning up in bathrooms and going to college and work. Tier rankings and narratives in the 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report reflect an assessment of the following: Tier rankings and narratives are NOT affected by the following: Countries whose governments fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. Olivia Hasegawa Human trafficking can take place even if the victim initially consented to providing labor, services, or commercial sex acts. As part of this work, it commits to engaging with its interagency, civil society, private sector, multilateral, and survivor leader partners to better understand systemic racisms effects on the human trafficking field and to integrate racial equity more intentionally into the U.S. anti-trafficking response. James Taylor Many aligned policies and practices to current realities. Traffickers can commit this crime in any sector or setting, whether legal or illicit, including but not limited to agricultural fields, factories, restaurants, hotels, massage parlors, retail stores, fishing vessels, mines, private homes, or drug trafficking operations. Samantha Novick This included individuals confined to their homes or workplaces, households in dire need of financial support, and workers in the informal sector. Morocco In line with MC Decision 6/17, in 2020 the OSR/CTHB, in co-operation with anti-trafficking Focal Points and DHR, finalized the development of a learning module on combating TIP for the OSCE executive structures as part of the new All OnBoard programme. The embassy, along with the Ministry of National Security, the police Counter Trafficking Unit and other law-enforcement agencies, will work to improve identification, screening, arrests and prosecution of trafficking cases. Equatorial Guinea The justification for this determination and certification with respect to each country is set forth in this Memorandum. The Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers and these efforts have accelerated since President Tshisekedi took office in January. President Tshisekedi has stated that he believes that improved security will enable health workers to counter COVID and other global health threats stem illicit mineral smuggling, other illicit trafficking of natural resources and transnational criminal organizations, catalyze regional economic integration, and provide a much-needed boost to DRCs development. The 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report marked the first time the U.S. Department of State applied this new provision, finding 12 governments had a policy or pattern of trafficking, including: Afghanistan, Belarus, Burma, China, Cuba, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Russia, South Sudan, Syria, and Turkmenistan. This waiver will allow the United States to continue to provide the assistance, support, and human rights training necessary to achieve these goals, and to help Iraq build its capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against ISIS. Mai Shiozaki-Lynch Anti-trafficking actors from all sectors should develop concrete risk mitigation and management plans to effectively respond to a variety of crises, including natural disasters, conflict scenarios, health crises, or a combination of emergencies that could exacerbate vulnerabilities to trafficking and the experiences of victims. Somalia The Department of State further assesses that the most durable solution to the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers will be a negotiated political settlement that ends Libyas current conflict. Korea, North Our current PKO-funded programming supports planning and capacity building for electoral security as well as planning for an eventual security sector reform (SSR) in the country. Dominican Republic I knew I was playing with fire. Cabo Verde Page 29: Getty/Stefanie Glinski The FATF Recommendations provide a useful framework for jurisdictions to address illicit finance related to human trafficking by strengthening their national AML laws and policies and by improving coordination and information sharing domestically and internationally. She has diligently worked with community members, law enforcement and government officials, and other NGOs to ensure the country is proactively identifying victims and referring them to care. The following excerpts highlight the reflections of some who have directly experienced the ways in which systemic racism intersects with human trafficking in the United States and provide insight and guidance on how best to move forward. Guillermina Cabrera Figueroa is the specialized prosecutor for human trafficking for the State of Mexico. Although the government took steps to repatriate North Korean workers in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions (UNSCRs), citizens from the DPRK continued to arrive throughout the year, many of whom likely engaged in informal labor. I then started working in escorting services through a bar where I didnt know the rates charged, didnt handle the money, and had little to no control over refusing clients who were violent or wouldnt use condoms. Burma Trafficking in persons, human trafficking, and modern slavery are umbrella termsoften used interchangeablyto refer to a crime whereby traffickers exploit and profit at the expense of adults or children by compelling them to perform labor or engage in commercial sex. For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form of trafficking in persons, the government of the country should prescribe punishment that is sufficiently stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the heinous nature of the offense. Her office oversees the three shelters and partners with the inter-secretarial human trafficking commission, civil society organizations, among others to keep them running and provide services to the residents. Navigating not only the continuation of but also the increased need for anti-trafficking responses during a global health crisis proved to be exceptionally challenging. In October 2019, at least two children (under the age of 15) were recruited and used in supporting roles at a remote checkpoint in Northeast Nigeria. The international community has taken tough action to promote accountability for the PRCs actions and strengthen market defenses against the import of these goods. This report is submitted in accordance with section 405(c) and (d) of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 (22 U.S.C. Nicaragua Sister Imelda Pooles leadership in the fight against human trafficking extends far beyond her own work to inspire others. b. participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the country. 189), https://www.state.gov/international-conventions-relevant-to-combating-trafficking-in-persons/, http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50315.htm, 2020 (will enter into force on 16 November 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 3 July 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 9 December 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 23 December 2021), 2021 (will enter into force on 17 March 2022), 2020 (will enter into force on 4 August 2021), 2020 (will enter into force on 14 July 2021), Total Number of Peacekeeping and Support Personnel, Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (SEA) (2003), Code of Conduct for Staff and Mission Members, NATO Policy on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (2004 and 2007), Lead Office Responsible for Implementation, Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance, Pre-deployment and at mission, including a new e-learning program. Whether the government of the country achieves appreciable progress in eliminating severe forms of trafficking when compared to the assessment in the previous year. In 2018, the president created regional disarmament centers in Bamenda, Northwest Region, Buea in the Southwest Region, and Mora in the Far North Region. It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. By signing the R-ARCSS it has affirmed its intent to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers. Russia Because a child in this situation is often trained not to report what is happening, interactions with adults who might otherwise notice a problem or identify the child as vulnerable, such as teachers, neighbors, doctors, and other adults in the community, instead see the child as shy or failing to thrive. In addition, providing migrant workers with information on their rights and obligations, on complaint mechanisms in case of abuse, and on how to access assistance and remedies, would empower them to identify and leave exploitative situations. Switzerland While facing pre- and post-election crises and an ongoing strain on resources, Bemaka-Soui has steadfastly made sure the interagency committee remains consistently engaged on the issue, and she has played a pivotal role in marshalling assistance from key partners and developing key training and outreach programs. These stereotypes may affect, for example, which communities law enforcement target for anti-trafficking operations, which victim witnesses the criminal justice system deems credible, and which individuals process their experiences as exploitation and seek help. 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