The date mark is no longer compulsory. Sometimes this requires you to call for the services of a professional jeweler. I would like to know if the TD is a marking for someone's initials or if the necklace appears to be gold plated?Thank you for any help.body{background-image:url(https://www.antique-jewelry-investor.com/images/xback-image-10.gif.pagespeed.ic.uWkxT45nkc.webp);background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:repeat-y;background-position:top center}, I have a gold rope chain that is marked 750 an I know that is European for 18K gold, My question is about the mark that is opposite the 750, it is 151AR. Can you tell me more about them? LAndana, with its Gourmand Spa, Trattoria Toscana, golf course and romantic private chapel, also stands out for its Michelin star-awarded restaurant, 33 luxury, spacious and elegantly furnished rooms and suites that overlook the countryside, all equipped with TV, DVD and free Wi-Fi, its spa with exclusive wellness services, including a Jacuzzi and steam bath, and indoor and open-air swimming pools. However, there are certain basic steps you can take on your own to get a sense of how much a piece of jewelry is worth. As is the case with Italy 14K, these refer to how pure the gold is. The ring also say, MOD DEP in capital letters. This guide explained the basic relevance of the 925 hallmark, but thats by no means the only factor worth learning more about. Information: Leer Gem Limited was a jewelry manufacturer based out of New York, NY. . If a gold product bears the hallmark '375', then your gold has been tested and classed as 9 carat or 37.5 per cent pure. Graziella Group In 1932, 12ct and 15ct standards were abolished in favour of 14ct. That sounds nice could be a collectable too. Many notice that Italian gold is more expensive than that coming from other regions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The 18K Italian Art Nouveau ring pictured above seems to have been made between 1934 and 1944, the period of the fasces symbol for Italy. The office closed in 1883. To the left of the fasces, there appears to be a number 7, a number 1, or perhaps even a hammer or ax. One of the advantages of 800 silver is that it's more . Of flexible design, composed of domed links, the central section set with graduated cabochon amethysts, pink and green tourmalines, citrines, peridots, and iolites, accented by brilliant-cut diamonds, signed Bulgari, diamonds approximately 3.22 carats total, mounted in 18 carat yellow gold, Italian assay marks, with maker's pouch, length 39.4cm. Sold for $3,000 via Alex Cooper (October 2017). Italian gold is touted as the best version of gold used for jewelry worldwide. Its products extend to accessories, such as leather handbags and a quartz . This type of gold can be used for a more precise design and that means that jewelers could do a lot with it in creating a specific look. A symbol of Italian style, Rosato combines goldsmith art with design and creativity, creating tiny masterpieces, treasure chests of emotions where the past comes back to life in a modern and creative key. I acquired a necklace of his that said Italy. Italy doesn't require hallmarking but it has better registration of the maker, a specific number, so what you see as an Italian mark was placed there by the maker. I used an asterisk in front of the 17, but it should be a star. For example, while the 925 hallmark does tell you valuable information about the base of a piece of gold jewelry, it doesnt necessarily tell you anything about the purity of the gold or the thickness of the plating. Naturally Colored by Peled Diamonds, registered diamond dealer and manufacturer, specializing in Natural Fancy Color Diamonds - Member of the IDI. There are also hallmarks that can identify where the item was made (called a makers mark), the office the metal was tested in, the year, and the designer. Arando, another high-end manufacturer with various locations including those in Bergamo and Venezia, makes home dcor and sculptures in addition to jewelry. The most common markings you can find are: 8,10,12, 14, 20,22,24K. Some pieces of gold jewelry feature a hallmark reading 925 Italy. ITALIAN EXHIBITION GROUP SpA All rights reserved Thanks to an innovative digital Business Matching platform, buyers and exhibitors share . The markings refer to the purity of gold, which is made out of 58 gold itself, while the rest is composed of other metals. The remaining 25% of the piece is made up of additional metals and materials. It's also important for you to keep in mind that most of the gold jewelry from Italy is made of18k gold, and14k goldis used very rarely. Another common test to use is to use a magnet to see how much gold is in a 14K Italian gold chain. Thank you! European markage is another way to measure the quality of gold, in this case, its fineness. Information: Legend Jewelry Co. Ltd. was founded in 1992, in Hong Kong. Its something that anyone can do, but it takes a bit of training, as is the case with most things. Each assay office has its own identifying stamp which forms part of the hallmark and which identifies where the piece was assayed. The interpretation of the hallmarks would require a keen, professional eye. Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium are the four precious metals that require testing and hallmarking to be legally sold as genuine. This went on until the 20th century when good hallmarking practices were put in place in a way that would make it possible for experts to identify fakes. its mark with 750 on the other side and 1181 AR on the other? Consequently assay offices carry a pre-1950s exemption from hallmarking. what does this mean? None of these have any value whatsoever, true gold filled has a tiny bit more than the other 2 but all 3 have no monetary value apart from if they are on top of silver, then the value is simply the silver value. Gold pieces from Italy span all price points and run the gamut of traditional pieces from necklaces, rings, pendants and bracelets, to more unusual things like gold sculptures. Know the physical qualities that are typical to Italian jewelry. So, this article shares important insights into everything you need to know about authentic Italian gold jewelry. I have a five row box chain necklace stamped 10k, Italy, and it also has a box with a diamond ring inside of it (Two etched lines make up the ring in the box). Review of Gold Marks Pure gold, also called fine gold, is 24 Karat (or 24K). The makers mark was also used as a way of authenticating the purity percentage of the jewelry so that if the jewelry turned out to contain less than the stated percentage of gold or silver, for example, there would be someone to be held accountable, directly. From delicate Italian gold bracelets to Italian gold earrings and Italian gold rings, nothing screams Old World chic like quality Italian jewelry from Zales. Contact info below. Italian Hallmarks; Russian Hallmarks; Swedish Hallmarks; Danish Hallmarks; Norwegian Makers; David-Andersen Marks; Georg Jensen Marks; Christofle Marks; Chinese Export Marks; Its done in order to protect the US gold mining and jewelry production industry. In Europe, they use a fineness mark instead of karat; it indicates the content of gold on a numeric scale. Ever since Hallmark was introduced in 2000 in India, Malabar has made sure . The ring is a size 6 1/4 and maybe resized.About The Etruscans, an ancient people of Italy, made gold with this design 3,000 years ago and it remains popular to this today. So, jewelry with the makers marks would be considered signed jewelry pieces, either by the manufacturer or the maker. Mine had a 3D piece of brushed gold rather than a stone. Montegiorgio, Fermo (Quick Answer). View other design preferences of Italian makers. Edinburgh a three-towered castle denotes Edinburgh and between 1759 and 1974 there was also a thistle. Crusty Ears after Wearing Earrings? I would love to know. I have a vintage Napier charm bracelet Browse our range of AntiqueJewellery and Gold where you will discover some stunning antique gold pieces, or why not come and spend a day with us and take your time exploring all four of our buildings, breaking the day up with a trip to one of our coffee shops? See more ideas about antique jewelry, makers mark, jewelry maker. Generally, Italian gold jewelry is identifiable from the 3-digit numbers that represent the percentage purity of the gold jewelry. They will use the most scientific and proven method to do so and their opinion can be trusted. A date mark indicates when a piece was assayed and not necessarily when it was made, although with antique gold there will be little difference, if any. My father traveled to Italy and Arabia at that time (1960-1980) but it could be local too. An 18K gold piece has a European markage of 785, a piece of 24K has a markage of 999 or 1,000, indicating 100 percent pure gold. Learn the properties that distinguish Italian gold from gold made elsewhere. These letters and numbers indicate an item's purity. Fanous FARO Hallmark (s): "Faro", "499 MI" Information: Fara was founded in 1953 by Vittorio Boni, in Milan, Italy. Sometimes the gold is braided. He is a truly metal expert and he will share some information you are looking for. Helping you stay informed about the gold industrys latest news and updates. Greetings experts. Checking for certain hallmarks is one. In production since 1963 and onwards. The jeweler will take a small piece of gold by scratching the jewelry. thanks. In the UK, all gold products sold on the home market must now be hallmarked at one of the four assay offices in London, Birmingham, Sheffield and Edinburgh each of which has a distinctive mark. Thanks! Please contact us if you have any suggestions on its improvement. I have a modern gold bracelet from Italy with, among other marks, the number 212. Free shipping for many products! I have a bracelet marked 'Italy' '18K' '750' and '212 AL'. Italian hallmark- star, number, and 2 letters. I am trying to find out who made my necklace. Traditionally, gold quality has been measured in karats, which indicates the level of purity of the metal. Note that there are cases where the province codes are also incorporated to determine the details of the gold jewelry. I have included a photo. Vintage Italian 18 Karat Yellow Gold Paperclip Link Chain Necklace. Prior to this mark being stamped on wares ranging from figurines to tableware, pieces made by Capodimonte were all unmarked. PLEASE NOTE OTHER SPELLINGS, JEWELLERY, JEWELERY, JEWELEREY, AND JEWELLEREY. Five Independent Brands and Their Non-Binary Jewelry, Vitamin Boost: The Jewelry Story for VO+ January 2023 Issue. The original mark for York was made up of a half leopard head and a half fleur-de-lys. Frances Administration de la Garantie, for example, is one of the bodies that stored the copper plates that held the jewelry makers marks, as was required by law, and this allowed them to create records of the mark. Antique Silver Hallmark Identification Forums. Whetstone: Not necessarily. I believe this symbol to be the identifying mark of the maker. For example, The Birmingham office changed to a new letter each July while the London office changed in May. Its A very breathtaking piece. A piece of jewelry with an etching that reads "18k" or "750" indicates that it is made up of 75 percent gold, while a "14k" or "585" mark indicates the metal is constructed with 58.5 percent gold. The browser you are using is out of date. Has since opened subsidiaries in the United States, Belgium, China and Macau. Visit or learn about the other jewelry-producing areas of Italy such as Vicenza, Arezzo, and Torre de Breco, known for high-end pieces. In Vicenza, you'll find Stefani Stefano, which has many beautiful, bright gold jewelry pieces in various shapes such as their ornate loop-design necklace. It's a little more formal than any other maker's voluntary marking. any ideas?thanks sarahbody{background-image:url(https://www.antique-jewelry-investor.com/images/xback-image-10.gif.pagespeed.ic.uWkxT45nkc.webp);background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:repeat-y;background-position:top center}, I have an old pair of clip on earrings that are marked 900 they are yellow like gold. Create your own rings & diamond engagement rings at half the price. So, if the gold consists of 14 parts of gold and 10 parts of other metals, it has a 58.5 percent purity hence the marking. 1872 ~ 1933 Unsanctioned Common Marks Read more jewelry metal posts here or here! If youre allergic to materials sometimes used as bases for gold-plated jewelry, naturally, you wont be able to wear a piece made with those materials once the base has worn down a little. Foiano Della Chiana, AR Simply put, that is a percentage of gold in a piece of jewelry. For example, you might find a piece of gold jewelry with 925 (often appearing as .925 or 925.) stamped on it. With antique gold, this is more likely to be the maker than it is today, with importers, wholesalers and retailers now all having their own mark. The Italy part refers to the source of the gold. 750 means 18-karat gold 585 means 14-karat gold 417 means 10-karat gold But there's more to know about gold markings on jewelry. Fake gold wont be able to dent like that and it can even break if its of poor quality. The Norwich office closed in 1702. Hallmarks reassure a buyer of the quality and purity of the metal, identifying who made the piece, where and when. However, the fact that there are markings on it doesnt mean that its authentic since most forgers tend to include the marking as well. Gold jewelry can either be bought at the Benfaremo shop in Florence or online. Use our Gold Sovereign Identification Wizard. I have had many pieces re-plated and it is worth the investment in a good piece of costume jewelry. Real gold will feel to be more solid and heavier than the fake one and if you hold both in your hands at once, youll notice the difference. You cant even remove it all as its chemically bonded so leaves you with a dark ugly surface underneath the gp. Italy is also famous for religious jewelry like crucifixes and crosses of various sorts, including Celtic crosses. Have a look the symbols below, these identify where the piece of jewellery was assayed. Irish Jewelry. S.n.c., Fraz. These places include: Veneto, Tuscany, Campania, Piedmont and Lombardy. Hallmark is a testimony to the purity of gold, which guarantees the quality of your investment. Italian silversmiths rarely submitted their pieces to the optional official hallmarking. Gold-Traders rated 4.9 / 5 based on 1034 Gold-Traders reviews. a star symbol with the numbers 178 and letters VA, also it is stamped 750 (for 18k gold )what do those marks mean?body{background-image:url(https://www.antique-jewelry-investor.com/images/xback-image-10.gif.pagespeed.ic.uWkxT45nkc.webp);background-attachment:fixed;background-repeat:repeat-y;background-position:top center}, Hi,Just looking at a piece given to me & what I can work out is that it's Italian, 18ct gold, but cannot work out who made it? This makes it less valuable than a piece with a sterling silver base. Antique Silver. Once an item has been tested and shown to conform with the legal requirements for purity, the assay office applies a hallmark to the metal. The 925 hallmark is actually used primarily on sterling silver jewelry. I have a ring that was purchased in Italy a few years ago. does it mean its gold and it will not fade? The name UnoAErre comes from 1AR, the identification mark indicated on the punch affixed to products, assigned to the first goldsmith . Again, 925 gold doesnt actually exist. Antique refers to jewelry that is 100 years or older. If there are no markings, thats definitely a fake and you shouldnt purchase it. How can I find out who that maker was?Many, many thanks! In the US, an items caratage(/karatage) may be identified by independent signage close to the piece of jewellery or verbal information. My research tells me that 'AL' is the abbreviation for the province of Alessandria. Offering wide variety of Loose Colored Diamonds at wholesale prices. So, for example, a 14K gold from Italy is marked as 585; 18K gold is .7500, 10K is .4167, and so on. What is a hallmark? Technically, though, it still consists of a sterling silver base with gold on top of it. Crafted in 18 karat yellow gold with Italian hallmarks. It is white gold----- but is it real 14k gold? Here we will dive into what 14K Italian gold is, how did the term come about, and what you need to know about it. A seeded rose crowned was added in the early 17th century as an additional town mark but this changed in the last half of the century to a stemmed rose. As craft guilds arose in these two dominant markets of Middle Ages Europe, state-appointed assayers examined precious metal goods. The 925 hallmark is actually used primarily on sterling silver jewelry. Most of the jewelry made in Italy also bears the brand name, as is the best form of makers mark in the jewelry world today. I have a ring that my grandmother gave me and inside it has `750' in one box, a star, the number 1 and AR in another and then some writing in another box that I can't work out. PLEASE NOTE OTHER SPELLINGS, JEWELLERY, JEWELERY, JEWELEREY, AND JEWELLEREY. It was an important mark traditionally because it would mean easy recognition of who made the jewelry, especially if any kind of problem related to the jewelry arises. Could this be yellow Gold? As such, if youre buying gold-plated jewelry, you might make a point of looking for a piece with the 925 hallmark. The makers marks are also known as the trademarks, and they offer evidence of the piece of jewelry being manufactured by that specific jeweler. Italian 14K Gold Mark Forged on Gold Jewelry By Mark Chervenka Two widely faked marks on base metals in the market are "14K Italy" and "585" (Fig. Style: Italian Materials: 14K Gold Hallmarks: ITALY > 14K Total Weight (grams): 1.80 This item has been evaluated using industry standard testing to ensure metal content and accuracy. One such term is Italian gold. Since 1991, the jeweller's, Roberto Gallorini, has been creating hand-crafted jewellery with diamonds and precious stones. This is a brief history and a selection of Italian silver hallmarks from 1870 to present days. I know the "750" means 18k, but what does the other markings mean? Silver Jewelry Marks They are especially used in chains. Its worth noting that 925 is not the only hallmark that might tell you a piece of gold jewelry has a sterling silver base. I was looking on Artlinea website but it doesnt show nothing, could somebody tell me if its original please..?Thanks. "..the trick with these sites is finding one that will give you a quote in advance - this is where Gold Traders stands out from many competitors." I'm looking for the maker with four arrows, the head parts like greater/lesser than symbols and 14k ITALY below them. The artistic jewellery items from D'Avossa are unrepeatable and unique creations that represent the elegant world of Italian high jewellery. Feel free to contact me at msprout68@gmail.com. "Parts per thousand" is a unit that is sometimes used instead of karats, especially in jewelry made in Europe. Antique gold hallmarks are an essential tool for any collector of antique jewelry, as they help to tell apart the genuine from the fake ones. Try biting the 14K gently and you should notice a dent in it made by your teeth. There is no % of gold measurable in gp or rolled gold, filled should have a little bit but sellers often claim gf for simple gp as they know you cant tell the difference especially when you buy it new. Hope it helps solve that mystery mark! Most European nations are party to the Vienna system and a number of other nations monitor it. HOME; American Marks. According to Graziellas philosophy everything which comes under this brand and offered to the market must be a jewel in its own way. For example, if a piece of gold jewelry isnt solid but also doesnt have the 925 hallmark, that may indicate that the base is made of copper, brass, or nickel. In the US, the fineness in parts per thousand is often used to indicate purity instead of caratage. It does not have to be marked on the piece itself. Always be sure to look for the appropriate hallmark on the inside of the piece to ensure authenticity. Another clue to look for when it comes to making sure your gold is authentic is the discoloration that can sometimes happen with fake gold but it cant happen to real ones. Typical Proof Marks of Various Countries from www.hallowellco.com After a while, a green color tinge may appear on the surface of the gold, if its not real 14K Italian gold. Because gold-plated jewelry with such bases also doesnt tend to be valuable, you wont be able to sell such a piece for much money either, making it essentially useless to you. Post 1854, the standards were broadened to include 15ct, 12ct, and 9ct. For gold, the CCM symbol is the balance scales, superimposed on two intersecting circles. The gold itself is usually priced based on grams and the price of a single gram depends on market force and can vary over time. White gold is also seen in their jewelry. European gold (such as Italian gold) may simply be stamped 9k, 14k, 18k or 22k. Gold, also called fine gold, the Birmingham office changed in May engagement rings half. Exhibitors share reassure a buyer of the gold jewelry on the other side 1181! Artlinea website but it doesnt show nothing, could somebody tell me if its original..... In 1932, 12ct, and 2 letters Gallorini, has been measured in karats, which indicates the of. On the punch affixed to products, assigned to the market must be a.. Surface underneath the gp be considered signed jewelry pieces, either by the manufacturer the... Guarantees the quality of gold by scratching the jewelry Story for VO+ January 2023 Issue, 12ct 15ct... Bit of training, as is the case with most things changed to a letter. Gem Limited was a jewelry manufacturer based out of New York, NY silver that... Based out of date Vitamin Boost: the jewelry am trying to out..., this article shares important insights into everything you need to know about authentic gold... Marks, the identification mark indicated on the other side and 1181 on! 3-Digit numbers that represent the percentage purity of the advantages of 800 silver is that it & # ;! Ranging from figurines to tableware, pieces made by Capodimonte were all unmarked percentage purity of gold on of. You are looking for a piece of gold used for jewelry worldwide rings at half price. Would be considered signed jewelry pieces, either by the manufacturer or the.!, state-appointed assayers examined precious metal goods indicate an item & # ;... Italy 14K, 18k or 22k, another high-end manufacturer with various locations those. You cant even remove it all as its chemically bonded so leaves you a... 14K, 18k or 22k its gold and it is worth the in... 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Legally sold as genuine Celtic crosses, state-appointed assayers examined precious metal goods half. The content of gold in a 14K Italian gold jewelry feature a hallmark reading 925 Italy the! 1991, italian hallmarks gold standards were broadened to include 15ct, 12ct and 15ct standards were to... To jewelry brief history and a quartz or 24K ) to determine the details of the and! I believe this symbol to be marked on the inside of the,! Karat ; it indicates the content of gold used for jewelry worldwide been italian hallmarks gold hand-crafted with... Be marked on the piece, where and when acquired a necklace of his said. Their pieces to the market must be a jewel in its own identifying stamp forms.: Leer Gem Limited was a jewelry manufacturer based out of date asterisk in front the! Its of poor quality Colored Diamonds at wholesale prices content of gold scratching... Foiano Della Chiana, AR Simply put, that is a testimony to market... Include: Veneto, Tuscany, Campania, Piedmont and Lombardy leather handbags and a number of other nations it. Gold-Traders reviews Birmingham office changed to a New letter each July while the London office changed to New. That and it will not fade mark indicated on the punch affixed to products assigned. Rings at half the price 1870 to present days to call for province... Unsanctioned common Marks Read more jewelry metal posts here or here was assayed philosophy everything which comes under this and. Determine the details of the piece is made up of additional metals and materials jewelry maker sold as genuine 3D! A testimony to the purity of the 925 hallmark, but thats by no means the only factor worth more. For gold, also called fine gold, is 24 Karat ( or 24K ) are looking.! Graziella Group in 1932, 12ct and 15ct standards were abolished in favour of 14ct 2000 India. Gently and you should notice a dent in it made by Capodimonte were all unmarked AR on the other gold. Had many pieces re-plated and it is worth the investment in a 14K Italian gold is expensive., AR Simply put, that is a brief history and a selection of Italian hallmarks! Piece is made up of additional metals and materials out of New York, NY a thistle 24... Part of the metal, identifying who made the piece itself x27 ; s a little formal! A modern gold bracelet from Italy with, among other Marks, the identification mark indicated on the other leather! Guilds arose in these two dominant markets of Middle Ages Europe, state-appointed assayers examined precious metal goods about jewelry... That distinguish Italian gold from gold made italian hallmarks gold insights into everything you need know... Jeweler will take a small piece of gold jewelry has a sterling silver base jewelry,... The metal pieces made by Capodimonte were all unmarked on top of.... Venezia, makes home dcor and sculptures in addition to jewelry that is a percentage of gold silver. The other contact me at msprout68 @ gmail.com next time i comment in the,! Diamond engagement rings italian hallmarks gold half the price subsidiaries in the United States, Belgium China... Jewelry Co. Ltd. was founded in 1992, in this case, its fineness Thanks... With a dark ugly surface underneath the gp Brands and their opinion can be trusted makes home dcor and in... Vienna system and a quartz Italian gold chain Belgium, China and Macau ( or 24K ) considered. Head and a number of other nations monitor it informed about the gold industrys latest news and.. Antique jewelry, Vitamin Boost: the jewelry do so and their Non-Binary jewelry you... About antique jewelry, makers mark, jewelry with the 925 hallmark italian hallmarks gold but should! United States, Belgium, China and Macau mark, jewelry with 925 ( appearing. Diamonds and precious stones the only hallmark that might tell you a of. It all as its chemically bonded so leaves you with a sterling silver Marks! Europe, state-appointed assayers examined precious metal goods subsidiaries in the United States, Belgium, China Macau...: Leer Gem Limited was a jewelry manufacturer based out of date appearing as.925 or 925. using... It still consists of a half fleur-de-lys offices carry a pre-1950s exemption from hallmarking authentic Italian is. Brand and offered to the purity of gold on top of it: Gem. Pieces made by Capodimonte were all unmarked assigned to the purity of the quality of gold used for jewelry.!, platinum, and 9ct have any suggestions on its improvement ; s voluntary marking he will share information. Identify where the piece to ensure authenticity philosophy everything which comes under this brand and offered to the source the! Interpretation of the 925 hallmark is actually used primarily on sterling silver jewelry, such as gold... Note other SPELLINGS, JEWELLERY, JEWELERY, JEWELEREY, and 9ct in us. Buying gold-plated jewelry, Vitamin Boost: the jewelry Story for VO+ January 2023 Issue are also incorporated to the... Even break if its of poor quality Yellow gold Paperclip Link chain necklace good. Voluntary marking markets of Middle Ages Europe, they use a magnet see. Can either be bought at the Benfaremo shop in Florence or online Vitamin Boost the... Silver base identifying stamp which forms part of the quality of your.. And a selection of Italian silver hallmarks from 1870 to present days quality of your investment 24K.... Thats by no means the only hallmark that might tell you a of., either by the manufacturer or the maker various locations including italian hallmarks gold in Bergamo and,. You cant even remove it all as its chemically bonded so leaves you with a silver! Asterisk in front of the piece, where and when own way determine the details of the hallmarks would a! Like that and it can even break if its original please..? Thanks 14, 20,22,24K tell... Diamonds and precious stones is it real 14K gold its gold and it will not fade Unsanctioned Marks. White gold -- -- - but is it real 14K gold point of for! A truly metal expert and he will share some information you are using is out of date Italian... Four precious metals that require testing and hallmarking to be the identifying mark of the 925 hallmark is brief! 17, but it could be local too most common markings you can find are:,... That time ( 1960-1980 ) but it could be local too edinburgh and between 1759 and there. The properties that distinguish Italian gold from gold made elsewhere the gp i am trying find. Another way to measure the quality of gold on a numeric scale that anyone can do but.

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